Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T03:52:31.763Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of environmental factors on broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ian C. Burke ,
Walter E. Thomas ,
Janet F. Spears  and
John W. Wilcut
Ian C. Burke
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, P.O. Box 7620, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Walter E. Thomas
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, P.O. Box 7620, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Janet F. Spears
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, P.O. Box 7620, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effect of temperature, solution pH, water stress, and planting depth on broadleaf signalgrass germination. Broadleaf signalgrass seed required removal of the husk for germination. When treated with constant temperature, broadleaf signalgrass germinated over a range of 20 to 35 C, with optimum germination occurring at 30 and 35 C. Onset, rate, and total germination (87%) was greatest in an alternating 20/30 C temperature regime. Germination decreased as solution pH increased, with greatest germination occurring at pH values of 4 and 5. Germination decreased with increasing water potential, and no germination occurred below −0.8 mPa. Emergence was above 42% when seed were placed on the soil surface or buried 0.5 cm deep. Germination decreased with burial depth, but 10% of broadleaf signalgrass seed emerged from 6.0-cm depth. No seed emerged from 10-cm depth. These data suggest that broadleaf signalgrass may emerge later in the season, after rains, and could germinate rapidly and in high numbers. These attributes could contribute to poor control later in the season by soil-applied herbicides or allow broadleaf signalgrass to emerge after final postemergence treatments were made.

Keywords

Broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash BRAPPScarificationsolution pHwater stress
Type
Weed Biology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 5 , October 2003 , pp. 683 - 689
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. New York: Academic Press. pp. 12–13, 212.Google Scholar
Bhowmik, P. C. 1997. Weed biology: importance to weed management. Weed Sci 45:349–356.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Hartzler, R. G. 2001. Emergence and persistence of seed of velvetleaf, common waterhemp, woolly cupgrass, and giant foxtail. Weed Sci 49:230–235.Google Scholar
Chamblee, R. W., Thompson, L. Jr., and Bunn, T. M. 1982a. Management of broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with herbicides. Weed Sci 30:40–44.Google Scholar
Chamblee, R. W., Thompson, L. Jr., and Coble, H. D. 1982b. Interference of broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). Weed Sci 30:45–49.Google Scholar
Doub, J. P., Wilson, H. P., Hines, T. E., and Hatzios, K. K. 1988. Consecutive annual applications of alachlor and metolachlor to continuous no-till corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci 36:340–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowler, C. C. 1998. Weed survey—southern states. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 51:299–313.Google Scholar
Draper, N. R. and Smith, H. 1981. Applied Regression Analysis. New York: J. Wiley. pp. 33–42, 511.Google Scholar
Dyer, W. E. 1995. Exploiting weed seed dormancy and germination requirements through agronomic practices. Weed Sci 43:498–503.Google Scholar
Fausey, J. C. and Renner, K. A. 1997. Germination, emergence, and growth of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum). Weed Sci 45:423–425.Google Scholar
Gallaher, K., Mueller, T. C., Hayes, R. M., Schwartz, O., and Barrett, M. 1999. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of primisulfuron and nicosulfuron in broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) and corn. Weed Sci 47:8–12.Google Scholar
Gortner, R. A. Jr. 1949. Outlines of Biochemistry. 3rd ed. New York: J. Wiley. pp. 82–87.Google Scholar
Hartzler, R. G. and Roth, G. W. 1993. Effect of prior year's weed control on herbicide effectiveness in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol 7:611–614.Google Scholar
Hitchcock, A. S. and Agnes, C. 1971. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 593–594.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, J. M., de Souza, F. H. D., Diulgheroff, S., Ortiz, A., and Sánchez, M. 1996. Reproductive physiology, seed production, and seed quality of Brachiaria. Pages 124–140 in Miles, J. W., Maass, B. L., and do Valle, C. B., eds. Brachiaria: Biology, Agronomy, and Improvement. Cali, Colombia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture.Google Scholar
Johnson, W. C. and Coble, H. D. 1986. Crop rotation and herbicide effects on the population dynamics of two annual grasses. Weed Sci 34:452–456.Google Scholar
Larson, A. L. 1971. Two-Way Thermogradient Plate for Seed Germination Research: Construction Plans and Procedures. USDA—ARS 51-41.Google Scholar
Lorenzi, H. and Jeffery, L. S. 1987. Weeds of the United States and Their Control. New York: Von Nostrand Reinhold. 54 p.Google Scholar
McGregor, J. T. Jr., Smith, R. J. Jr., and Talbert, R. E. 1988. Interspecific and intraspecific interference of broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) in rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Sci 36:589–593.Google Scholar
McIntosh, M. S. 1983. Analysis of combined experiments. Agron. J 75:153–155.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. 1983. Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol 72:66–70.Google Scholar
Mueller, T. C. and Hayes, R. M. 1997. Effect of tillage and soil-applied herbicides on broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol 11:698–703.Google Scholar
Owenby, J. R. and Ezell, D. S. 1992. Climatography of the United States. No. 81. Daily Normals of Temperature and Heating and Cooling Degree Days North Carolina 1961–1990. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environment Data Services, National Climatic Center.Google Scholar
Parsons, J. J. 1972. Spread of African pasture grasses to the American tropics. J. Range Manag 25:12–17.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. T. 1990. Effects of day and night temperature on vegetative growth of Texas panicum (Panicum texanum). Weed Sci 38:365–373.Google Scholar
Peters, J. ed. 2000. Association of Official Seed Analysts Tetrazoleum Testing Handbook Contribution #29 1st Revision. Lincoln, NE: Association of Official Seed Analysts. pp. 19–21.Google Scholar
Potter, R. L., Peterson, J. L., and Ueckert, D. N. 1984. Germination responses of Opuntia spp. to temperature, scarification, and other seed treatments. Weed Sci 32:106–110.Google Scholar
Radford, A. E., Ahles, H. E., and Bell, C. R. 1973. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. 139 p.Google Scholar
Rao, I. M., Kerridge, P. C., and Macedo, M. C. M. 1996. Nutritional requirements of Brachiaria and adaptation to acid soils. Pages 53–71 in Miles, J. W., Maass, B. L., and do Valle, C. B., eds. Brachiaria: Biology, Agronomy, and Improvement. Cali, Colombia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture.Google Scholar
Renard, C. and Capelle, P. 1976. Seed germination in ruzizi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Evrard). Aust. J. Bot 24:437–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roché, C. T., Thill, D. C., and Shafii, B. 1997. Estimation of base and optimum temperatures for seed germination in common crupina (Crupina vulgaris). Weed Sci 45:539–533.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1998. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Release 7.00. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1028 p.Google Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. and Brown, M. M. 1977. Accelerated after-ripening for overcoming seed dormancy in grass weeds. Weed Sci 25:473–477.Google Scholar
Thompson, K. and Grime, J. P. 1983. A comparative study of germination responses to diurnally fluctuating temperatures. J. Appl. Ecol 20:141–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, M. R., Messick, J. K., and Carter, C. C. 1997. Crop Fertilization Based on North Carolina Soil Tests. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Agronomic Division. 81 p. [Agronomic Division Circular No. 1, revised.].Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. 2000. Weed survey—southern states. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 53:247–274.Google Scholar
Whiteman, P. C. and Mendra, K. 1982. Effects of storage and seed treatments on germination of Brachiaria decumbens. Seed Sci. Technol 10:233–242.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. G. 1988. Biology of weed seeds in the soil. Pages 25–39 in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar